Functionality

The antivirus soft wares use a lot of strategies to work. The antiviruses are signature based, which means they look for a pattern of executable code to detect a new program. Once this pattern is detected, the anti-virus starts to compare the programs with this signature and filters the files that match.

Identification methods

The antiviruses use a lot of identification methods. The most common is signature based detection which compares the contents of a file to the signature database. Since the viruses attach themselves with the files so the antivirus catches the whole files and the pieces of viruses. Due to the introduction f new viruses every day this signature database soon outdates. These anti viruses keep updating themselves with the internet that are updated with the upcoming viruses. The heuristics detection identification method is the one that identifies the viruses that keep changing their forms with the interaction with other viruses and files. These viruses grow into other mutation versions. The antiviruses detect these files and remove them. The rootkit detection is the identification method that is administered to acquire administrator level control over the computer. These rootkits change with the operating system functions. It may also temper with the antivirus and making it useless for catching the malicious programs. It is also difficult to remove as much as it may require the whole operating system reinstallation.

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Aim of the CCC

This organization claims to have a purpose of strives across borders for the freedom of information. It is described as a galactic community of life forms that is free from the distinction of age, sex, race or societal orientation.

Events and Publications

It hosts its annual Chaos Communication Congress which is Europe’s biggest hacker congress with upto 4500 participants. After every four year the Chaos Communication Camp, there is an outdoor alternative for hackers from all over the world. A new event of a yearly conference called SIGINT was held in May 2009 at Cologne , Germany. These CCC members also participate in the political and technical conferences in the rest of the world.

They publish a quarterly magazine named Datenschleuder. The monthly radio show is conducted in Berlin named Chaosradio. This show raises many technical and political topics in two hours talk radio show. The local radio station named Fritz airs it. The podcast named Chaosradio Express is aired and the international podcast named Chaosradio International is aired. Other radio shows on the CCC are also aired by some regional Chaos Groups.

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Purpose

The purpose of phishing is to make the user believe s/he is using the right trusted system and s/he gives away the correct identification. This main purpose is to target the leak of financial institutes information to commit cyber crime.

Phishing techniques

The link manipulation is a form of technical deception in which the link in the email is designed belong to a spoofed organization. The filter evasion technique is the one in which the text is replaced with a picture to make it difficult for the anti-phishing filters to filter the commonly used text in the emails. The web forgery is the technique in which the phishing scams use java scripts to help altering the address bar. This deception is easy by overlapping the picture of the address bar or by closing the address bar and opening the legitimate one address bar. Another technique of phishing is evil twins which is very difficult to detect. This technique creates a fake wireless network that looks exactly the same like the original network. This is very common in public places like airports, hotels etc.

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Purpose of packet sniffing

The general purpose of the packet sniffing is to analyze the packets flow and the nature of data travelling. These packets can be captured too. Within a certain range the username and password is transmitted in a clear text unencrypted, this information can be stolen and manipulated.

Ethical packet sniffing

Packet sniffing can be deliberately installed at the network to monitor and analyze the network traffic. Usually the administrator is the legitimate user performing the packet sniffing of the entire segment or the subnet for security reasons. This is a very effective technique to point out the erroneous packets and bottlenecks in the network. These problems can be figured in time to facilitate efficient data transmission. Ethereal is a good packet sniffer and the monitor. Most of the corporate have ‘Distributed Sniffer Servers’ installed that are set up with easily guessable passwords.

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Nature of viruses

These viruses can do anything but its distinctive feature is it ability to attach itself and execute secretly during the host program runtime. The computer viruses undergo four stages. The first is the dormant stage when it is idle. These programs activate with an event. Not all viruses have a dormant stage. The next stage is the propagation stage when it places its identical copy into another program or hard disk. Each program will propagate with its clone attached to itself. The next stage is the triggering stage when it gets activated to perform its intended task. It is dependent on an event e.g. a specific time to activate it. the last phase is the execution stage. This stage may be harmless or damaging such as destruction of data files.

Types of viruses

There are many types of viruses but some of the most common types are the parasitic virus, memory-resident virus, boot sector virus, stealth virus and polymorphic virus. The parasitic virus attaches itself to executable files and replicates during execution of the files and infects other executable files. The memory resident virus lodges itself into the main memory of a resident system program and infects other programs that execute. The boot sector virus infects the master boot record and spreads when a system is booted every time from the disk containing virus. The stealth virus hides itself from getting detected. The polymorphic virus mutates with every infection.

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Purpose to Trojan Horses

The purpose of the Trojan horse attack is to gain access to a targeted remote computer. Once the Trojan horse is installed the remote user can perform a lot of operations of the victim computer. But these can be limited by the privileges established by the user. The operations performed by these malicious programs are data theft, modification or removing files, downloading or uploading files through the victim’s compute, performing automated spamming, installing a malware and crashing the computer.

Avoiding Trojan Horse Attacks

These attacks can be prohibited by some simple tips like never downloading the files without a spam ware scanning for safety, always scanning a file even thought hey are coming from a trusted friend, never blindly type commands that others usually do, and beware of hidden file extensions. There should always be a good anti-virus soft ware installed in the computer system or network. Anti-Trojan soft wares are also available in the market or download it from an authentic soft wares download website. A powerful firewall is always helping. Be a conscious computer and internet user.

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Reason to be Grey Hats

There calling themselves grey could be to not categorize themselves as either constructive or destructively malicious. They can adopt the diplomacy of getting an unauthorized access to a highly secure network and exposing a weakness to the concerning authorities that provided them access to the network at the same time. They may also hold the information from the administrators that they exploited this weak point any may sell this information to either them or their enemies. They may not be willing to disclose their skills for legal consequences. They also have a motive like the black hats for the hacking of information. They choose to leave their motive ambiguous for either of the parties.

Consequences of grey hat hacking

They grey hats unlike the black hats are the passive attackers and prefer to remain undetectable. It’s also never heard that they compromised the whole system. They may live or die to keep their anonymity. They may or may not notify a webmaster of a vulnerability which keeps them distinguished from the black hackers. They are not completely evil hackers but may choose to be one in time.

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The Black Hats' Purpose

The purpose of black hats hackers to hack is to enter into the secure networks and completely destroy the information for the rightful use by the authorized people. Their aim is to take advantage of the data and leave the data unusable or distorted.

Procedure of Black Hat hacking

This hacking is an extensive procedure. The black hats choose the target computer and then attack. This is a two parts process. The first part is targeting. The hacker determines which network to attack to. This target is of a special interest to the black hats. Sometimes they do the port scan and then gain entry into the network through a vulnerable system. The black hats then retrieve all of the information required through this remote computer.

The part two is the information gathering part. This is the part when the hacker visits the computer in such a way as to find the important information helpful to provide access. There are many ways of doing this e.g. through social engineering or dumpster diving. Social engineering is the process of a hacker’s contacting the administrator and finding out which computer is unable to be used and pretending to be one. Dumpster diving is to gain access to the dumpster and search in the documents that have been discarded by the users and trying to gain access to the network through them.

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Purpose of White Hats

The purpose of white hat hacking is strictly professional. They do not hack to exploit any important data but they do so for the security reasons. They hack to protect the financial information of employees, their confidential data like their passwords or the identity from getting theft.

White hat hackers job scope

These hackers have access to all of the resources the black hats have or may invade and get. The difference is that white hats are good guys and Black hats are bad guys. The white hat hackers figure the disgruntled employees who are most of the times black hat hackers. They do the IP scanning to keep the record of any potential threats and improve the defense system against attacks. They keep a keen eye on the sensitive information and any abnormal change is reported to the database administrator. The loop holes in the system is figured and reported with a solution to fix it.

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